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Joseph Süß Oppenheimer
Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698 – February 4, 1738) was a German Jewish banker and court Jew for Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg in Stuttgart. He was a nephew and stepson of the banker Samuel Oppenheimer, diplomat and Shtadlan to Kaiser Leopold of Austria.
Throughout his career, Oppenheimer made scores of powerful enemies, some of whom conspired to bring about his arrest and execution after Karl Alexander's death. In the centuries since his execution, Oppenheimer's rise and fall have been treated in two notable literary works, and his ordeal inspired two films, including the antisemitic production ''Jud Süß'', released in Nazi Germany in 1940.
==Career==
As a financial adviser to Duke Karl Alexander, he also gained a prominent position as a court Jew and held the reins of the finances in his duchy. It was alleged that he debased the currency, seized and sold off the property of manufacturers who were declared bankrupt, tripled the "wealth tax," levied a tax on foreigners visiting the duchy, sold monopolies on coffee, beer, and tobacco to foreign companies, introduced lotteries, sold government posts to the highest bidder, and corrupted the judicial system. As a result, he gained a number of enemies, especially in the duchy's "Catholic party."〔Adrien Fauchier-Magnan, Small German Courts in the Eighteenth Century, translated by Mervyn Savill (London: Methuen & Co., 1958), pp. 153-61.〕
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